Genetics and Biotechnology Content Cross-walking Document
Lesson
Objective
Standards Addressed (include prioritization E, I or C)
Lesson Prioritization (E, I, C)
Timing Suggestion(s)
Investigation 1: DNA Extraction
Students will learn how to extract DNA from a variety of organisms.
Students will be able to make comparisons between the extracted DNA samples.
Students will be able to make generalizations as to where one can find DNA.
7.1.1 E Hereditary/genetic information in chromosomes is contained in molecules of DNA. Genes are sections of DNA that direct syntheses of specific proteins associated with traits in organisms. These consist of various combinations of four different nucleotides that encode this information through their sequences. (E)
E
1 Block
Strawberry DNA extraction also. Schools with Biotech class reinforce this concept.
Investigation 2: Size of the Genome
Describe the relative sizes of bacterial cells, chromosomes, genes, and plasmids.
Explain that strands of DNA are extremely thin and must be very tightly coiled; an immense length of DNA fit into a relatively tiny cell volume.
Explain the differences between bacterial and human genomes.
7.1.1 E Hereditary/genetic information in chromosomes is contained in molecules of DNA. Genes are sections of DNA that direct syntheses of specific proteins associated with traits in organisms. These consist of various combinations of four different nucleotides that encode this information through their sequences. (E)
C
1 Block
Supplies are not always available.
Investigation 3: DNA Structure and the Genetic Code
Describe the structure of DNA.
Explain how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is related to its function of providing coded genetic information.
7.1.1E Hereditary/genetic information in chromosomes is contained in molecules of DNA. Genes are sections of DNA that direct syntheses of specific proteins associated with traits in organisms. These consist of various combinations of four different nucleotides that encode this information through their sequences. (E)
E
3 Blocks
Investigation 4: DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle
Describe how DNA replicates forming identical copies of itself.
Explain the importance of DNA replication in the cell cycle and the life of an organism.
7.1.5E During the cell cycle, DNA of the parent cell replicates and the cell divides into two cells that are identical to the parent. This process is used for growth and repair of body tissues and for asexual reproduction. (E)
E
2 Blocks
Investigation 5: Mitosis and the Cell Cycle
Describe the sequence of events that occur during the cell cycle that involve chromosome replication and the distribution of replicated chromosomes to daughter cells.
Explain the significance of each new daughter cell receiving the same amount and kind of chromosomes present in the parent cell.
7.1.5E During the cell cycle, DNA of the parent cell replicates and the cell divides into two cells that are identical to the parent. This process is used for growth and repair of body tissues and for asexual reproduction. (E)
E
2 Blocks
Investigation 6: Faces of Cancer
Understand that there are many types of cancer.
Recognize that the incidence of cancer depends on a person’s age, hereditary predispositions, and environmental risk factors.
7.1.3E Mutations in DNA of organisms normally occur spontaneously at low rates, but can occur at higher rates (i.e., exposure to pathogens, radiation and some chemicals). Most mutations have no effect on the organism, but some may be beneficial or harmful depending on the environment. (E)
I
1 Block
Investigation 7: Cancer and the Cell Cycle
Understand that a variety of factors can cause cancer.
Understand that cancer represents a breakdown of the normal processes that regulate the cell cycle.
Be able to explain that cancer is associated with damage to genes involved in the regulation of the cell cycle.
7.1.3E Mutations in DNA of organisms normally occur spontaneously at low rates, but can occur at higher rates (i.e., exposure to pathogens, radiation and some chemicals). Most mutations have no effect on the organism, but some may be beneficial or harmful depending on the environment. (E)
I
1 Block
Investigation 8: Protein Synthesis
Describe how the genetic code in DNA is transcribed into RNA and translated into proteins.
Explain how differences in the DNA code can result in the assembly of different kinds of proteins which are responsible for traits in an organism.
6.1.6E Cells store and use information to guide their functions. DNA molecules in each cell carry coded instructions for synthesizing protein molecules. The protein molecules have important structural and regulatory functions. (E)
7.1.1E Hereditary/genetic information in chromosomes is contained in molecules of DNA. Genes are sections of DNA that direct syntheses of specific proteins associated with traits in organisms. These consist of various combinations of four different nucleotides that encode this information through their sequences. (E)
E
2-3 Blocks
Puzzle activity does not go into enough detail.
Investigation 9: Meiosis and Genetic Variation
Summarize the events that reduce the chromosome number from diploid to haploid in the formation of gametes during the sexual life cycle.
Describe how independent assortment and crossing over that occur during meiosis produce a variety of genetic combinations in offspring.
Explain the importance of the genetic variation that results from meiosis.
7.1.6E Meiosis is the production of sex cells (gametes). The production and release of these gametes is controlled by hormones. In meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced by one-half and chromosomes may randomly exchange homologous parts to create new chromosomes with combinations not necessarily found in the parent cell. This may increase variation within the species. (E)
E
2 Blocks
Investigation 10: Potato Head Genetics
Simulate the results of meiosis and recombination using Mr. and Mrs. Potato Head models.
Predict the outcomes of fertilizations involving the genotypes of "gametes" from Mr. and Mrs. Potato Head
7.1.6E Meiosis is the production of sex cells (gametes). The production and release of these gametes is controlled by hormones. In meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced by one-half and chromosomes may randomly exchange homologous parts to create new chromosomes with combinations not necessarily found in the parent cell. This may increase variation within the species. (E)
7.1.7E Upon fertilization, the fusion of the gametes restores the original chromosome number, and new gene combinations lead to increased genetic variation, which, in turn, increases the likelihood of survival of the species. (E)
C
Concept Essential but not this actvity.
Investigation 11: Molecular Genetics and Evolution
Students will be able to predict evolutionary relationships based on similarities in DNA sequences as well as reactions in the antigen/antibody response tests.
7.3.3 I DNA is analyzed to determine evolutionary relationships, study populations, identify individuals, and diagnose genetic disorders. (I)
C
Unaware of this activity
Investigation 12: Mystery of the Crooked Cell
Determine the Mendelian inheritance pattern of sickle cell anemia.
Correlate the inheritance pattern (homozygous and heterozygous genotypes) with symptoms of affected individuals.
Use gel electrophoresis to separate simulated DNA strands. Use the results of gel electrophoresis to identify individuals who are carriers of sickle cell trait, who do not have the trait, and who can develop the disease.
Predict the probability of passing sickle cell anemia from carrier parents (and affected parents) to their children.
7.3.3 I DNA is analyzed to determine evolutionary relationships, study populations, identify individuals, and diagnose genetic disorders. (I)
I
We don't have the materials, concept could be taught using different family pedigrees.
Students will be able to make comparisons between the extracted DNA samples.
Students will be able to make generalizations as to where one can find DNA.
Hereditary/genetic information in chromosomes is contained in molecules of DNA. Genes are sections of DNA that direct syntheses of specific proteins associated with traits in organisms. These consist of various combinations of four different nucleotides that encode this information through their sequences. (E)
Strawberry DNA extraction also. Schools with Biotech class reinforce this concept.
Explain that strands of DNA are extremely thin and must be very tightly coiled; an immense length of DNA fit into a relatively tiny cell volume.
Explain the differences between bacterial and human genomes.
Hereditary/genetic information in chromosomes is contained in molecules of DNA. Genes are sections of DNA that direct syntheses of specific proteins associated with traits in organisms. These consist of various combinations of four different nucleotides that encode this information through their sequences. (E)
Supplies are not always available.
Explain how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is related to its function of providing coded genetic information.
Hereditary/genetic information in chromosomes is contained in molecules of DNA. Genes are sections of DNA that direct syntheses of specific proteins associated with traits in organisms. These consist of various combinations of four different nucleotides that encode this information through their sequences. (E)
Explain the importance of DNA replication in the cell cycle and the life of an organism.
During the cell cycle, DNA of the parent cell replicates and the cell divides into two cells that are identical to the parent. This process is used for growth and repair of body tissues and for asexual reproduction. (E)
Explain the significance of each new daughter cell receiving the same amount and kind of chromosomes present in the parent cell.
During the cell cycle, DNA of the parent cell replicates and the cell divides into two cells that are identical to the parent. This process is used for growth and repair of body tissues and for asexual reproduction. (E)
Recognize that the incidence of cancer depends on a person’s age, hereditary predispositions, and environmental risk factors.
Mutations in DNA of organisms normally occur spontaneously at low rates, but can occur at higher rates (i.e., exposure to pathogens, radiation and some chemicals). Most mutations have no effect on the organism, but some may be beneficial or harmful depending on the environment. (E)
Understand that cancer represents a breakdown of the normal processes that regulate the cell cycle.
Be able to explain that cancer is associated with damage to genes involved in the regulation of the cell cycle.
Mutations in DNA of organisms normally occur spontaneously at low rates, but can occur at higher rates (i.e., exposure to pathogens, radiation and some chemicals). Most mutations have no effect on the organism, but some may be beneficial or harmful depending on the environment. (E)
Explain how differences in the DNA code can result in the assembly of different kinds of proteins which are responsible for traits in an organism.
Cells store and use information to guide their functions. DNA molecules in each cell carry coded instructions for synthesizing protein molecules. The protein molecules have important structural and regulatory functions. (E)
7.1.1E
Hereditary/genetic information in chromosomes is contained in molecules of DNA. Genes are sections of DNA that direct syntheses of specific proteins associated with traits in organisms. These consist of various combinations of four different nucleotides that encode this information through their sequences. (E)
Puzzle activity does not go into enough detail.
Describe how independent assortment and crossing over that occur during meiosis produce a variety of genetic combinations in offspring.
Explain the importance of the genetic variation that results from meiosis.
Meiosis is the production of sex cells (gametes). The production and release of these gametes is controlled by hormones. In meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced by one-half and chromosomes may randomly exchange homologous parts to create new chromosomes with combinations not necessarily found in the parent cell. This may increase variation within the species. (E)
Predict the outcomes of fertilizations involving the genotypes of "gametes" from Mr. and Mrs. Potato Head
Meiosis is the production of sex cells (gametes). The production and release of these gametes is controlled by hormones. In meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced by one-half and chromosomes may randomly exchange homologous parts to create new chromosomes with combinations not necessarily found in the parent cell. This may increase variation within the species. (E)
7.1.7E
Upon fertilization, the fusion of the gametes restores the original chromosome number, and new gene combinations lead to increased genetic variation, which, in turn, increases the likelihood of survival of the species. (E)
DNA is analyzed to determine evolutionary relationships, study populations, identify individuals, and diagnose genetic disorders. (I)
Correlate the inheritance pattern (homozygous and heterozygous genotypes) with symptoms of affected individuals.
Use gel electrophoresis to separate simulated DNA strands. Use the results of gel electrophoresis to identify individuals who are carriers of sickle cell trait, who do not have the trait, and who can develop the disease.
Predict the probability of passing sickle cell anemia from carrier parents (and affected parents) to their children.
DNA is analyzed to determine evolutionary relationships, study populations, identify individuals, and diagnose genetic disorders. (I)